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KMID : 1156220170430050438
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Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
2017 Volume.43 No. 5 p.438 ~ p.445
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Exposure Factor Development of Children's Hand and Mouthing Activities Using Videotaping Methodology and Analysis of Influential Factors
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Jung Da-Young
Yoon Hyo-Jung
Yang Won-Ho
Kim Tak-Soo
Seo Jung-Kwan
Heo Jung
Ryu Hyeon-Su
Kim Sun-Shin
Choi Min-Ji
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Abstract
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop exposure factor data for the Korean child population, with a specific focus on behavior characteristics such as hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth and an analysis of influential factors.
Methods: We divided environments into two places, which were house/indoor and nursery. A total of 400 children (house/indoor) and a total of 162 children (nursery) were recruited from the cities of Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, and Gwangju. The children were divided into two groups. We conducted direct measurement by using one hour of videotaping alongside questionnaire surveys. This was performed to calculate behavior rates, such as how many children perform hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth behaviors.
Results: The respective average frequencies of hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth were 0.8±2.23 and 0.82±2.64 contacts/hr for house/indoor. The respective average frequencies of hand-to-mouth and object-tomouth were 2.87±4.63 and 1.47±3.84 contacts/hr in the nursery group. For the mouthing participants, the average frequencies of hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth were 3.31 and 3.20 contacts/hr in house, and 4.80 and 3.26 in nursery. Compared to other countries such as the USA, the frequencies of hand-to-mouth and object-tomouth behaviors found in this study were relatively lower.
Conclusions: Children have the potential for exposure to toxic substances through non-dietary ingestion pathways by mouthing objects or their fingers. In this study, the mouthing frequency was relatively lower than that found in Western countries. This can be explained that mouthing behaviour may be affected by culture and lifestyle characteristics.
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KEYWORD
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Children, hand-to-mouth, object-to-mouth, exposure factors, exposure assessment
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